Saturday, May 30, 2026

Towards a proof of the Collatz conjecture - strong constraints on the possible construction of the lowest value non-Collatz number.

  

Theorem

 

The Collatz conjecture states that for any positive integer N, the following transformational rules will if applied to N result in a set of  numbers whose trajectory ends with 1.

The simplest trajectory demonstrating the rules is that of N = 1.

Rule 1.  If the number is odd times by 3 and add 1

Rule 2. If the number is even divide by 2

Rule 3. Apply the rules again to the product produced.

Thus for N = 1, the trajectory is   1 -> 4  (1*3+1) -> 2 (4/2) -> 1 (2/2).

Every positive integer which has been tested eventually reaches 1 under the Collatz map. (Equivalently, no counterexample to the Collatz conjecture has been shown to exist.)  However there is no theoretical certainty that this is so.

The following argument by contradiction, if strong, demonstrates the Collatz conjecture to be true, and subject to peer review, suggests extensive boundary conditions on the existence of non-Collatz numbers in general and the ‘lowest’ non-Collatz number specifically which could be the basis for a stronger formulation if needed.

Definitions and Setup

Let a c‑number be a positive integer whose Collatz trajectory reaches 1. Let a z‑number be a positive integer whose Collatz trajectory does not reach 1. Such a number if it existed might have a looping trajectory composed entirely of z-numbers, or increase to infinity, but the curve on which it would be the lowest point would exist entirely of z- numbers.  By definition a c-number cannot give rise to a z-number, as by doing so its trajectory would cease to reach 1.  The converse is also a z-number cannot give rise to a c-number, as by doing so its trajectory would reach 1.

Assume for contradiction that z‑numbers exist.

A lowest or least z-number must therefore exist.

Let Z(0) denote the least z‑number.

Lemma 1 —  Z(0) must be odd

If  Z(0) were even, then its Collatz product would be Z(0)/2, which is smaller than Z(0). Since Z(0) is assumed to

 be the least z‑number, this would be a contradiction.  Thus Z(0) is odd.

 

Lemma 2 — 2Z(0) is the least even z‑number

Observe that 2Z(0) is even and its Collatz product would be  is Z(0).  Z(0) is a z-number, therefore 2Z(0) is a z-number.

Suppose there were an even z‑number E smaller than 2Z(0). Then E's Collatz trajectory would give a z- number smaller than 

Z(0) contradicting its the minimality

Lemma 3 — nZ(0) where n is an even multiple >2 is the least even z‑number having the property of producing an odd number in its Collatz trajectory after a specific number of steps s greater than 0.

 

This follows from Lemma 2.   2Z(0) is the smallest even z‑number.  Observe that it also has the definable property of being the smallest even z-number to immediately give rise to an odd z-number.  If a smaller even z-number did this its trajectory would give rise to a smaller z-number than 2Z(0)  which would be a contradiction. 

This chain can be projected back thus:

Z(0) is the smallest odd z‑number. 

2Z(0) is the smallest even z‑number, which produces an odd z-number by 1 direct transform. 

I will define this as an even z-number of type 0 as the steps S between 2.  Types 1,2,3….would then be definable as below:

Type 1

4Z(0) is the smallest even z‑number, which produces 1 even z-number, then an odd z-number.

Type 2

8Z(0) is the smallest even z‑number, which produces 2 even z-numbers, then an odd z-number.

Type 3

16Z(0) is the smallest even z‑number, which produces 3 even z-numbers, then an odd z-number.

…..etc

This precusor chain can, without inherent contradiction be extended to infinity.  Indeed

it is arguable that the existence of  a lowest odd z-number, requires such a chain of even

z-numbers to which we can assign negative suffixes as the approach the lowest odd z-number,

 

This produces the necessary chain -

…..Z(-4)           Z(-3)       Z(-2)     Z(-1)     Z(0)    3Z(0)+1………

…...16Z(0)         8Z(0)      4Z(0)    2Z(0)    Z(0)    Z(1)…………. 

 

Lemma 4 —  the third transform of Z0 must be odd.

As an odd number Z0 gives  the even number 3*Z0+1 as its first transform Z(1).  It’s second transform Z(2) is

(3*Z(0)+1)/2  or 1.5Z(0)+0.5. This number Z(2) must be odd or it would produce (for any starting

Z(0) > 1, an even number < 2Z(0) in contradiction of Lemma 2.

 Lemma 5 — The above requirements impose the following consequent restraints on the z-number placement around Z(0) and hence its possible Collatz trajectory.

 

5a No even number in the interval (Z(0)+1, 2Z(0)-2) is a z‑number.

 

If an even z-number in the range above exists its Collatz trajectory includes at least one z-number < Z(0)  This would be contradictory.

Furthermore for each type of even z-number the range above necessarily increases, so no even z-number of type 1 can exist in the range (Z(0)+1, 4Z(0)-2) 

No even z-numbers of type 2 can exist in the range (Z(0)+1, 8Z(0)-2).

Because computer checking has extended the known set of Collatz compliant numbers to on the order of 2.36×1021         

it can be seen that the likely number of even integers in the above interval must be at the lowest on the order of 2.36x1021 / 4.

This is important because in order as we will see to be valid Z0 ‘s  trajectory will need to avoid intersection not only with that set of even integers but with every value in their Collatz trajectories, as Lemma 6 will set out.

 

5b No even number in the precursor chain of an odd c-number is a z‑number.

Every c-number lower than Z(0) can be thought of as having a precursor chain just as Z(0) has.  For example consider the odd

Numbers immediately below Z(0) and their precusors

…..16(Z(0)-2)…..8(Z(0)-2)…..4(Z0-2)….2(Z0-2)…,Z(0)-2

…..16(Z(0)-4)…..8(Z(0)-4)…..4(Z0-4)….2(Z0-4)…,Z(0)-4

…..16(Z(0)-8)…..8(Z(0)-8)…..4(Z0-8)….2(Z0-8)…,Z(4)-8

…..16(Z(0)-10)…..8(Z(0)-10)…..4(Z0-10)….2(Z0-10)…,Z(0)-10….

 

5c Every other odd number higher than Z(0) [at least] is a c-number.

 

By Lemma 4  Z(0)’s second transform is odd.  Consider the transform paths of Z(0)+2, and Z(0)+4 in parallel to Z(0).

 

 

Z(0)          3Z(0)+1          1.5Z(0)+0.5                pattern     odd even  (by Lemma 4 ) odd

Z(0)+2      3(Z0+2)+1     1.5(Z(0)+2)+0.5                          odd even   even

Z(0)+4      3(Z0+4)+1     1.5(Z(0)+4)+0.5                          odd even   odd

Z(0)+6      3(Z0+4)+1     1.5(Z(0)+6)+0.5)                         odd even   even

 

The bold, alternating odd numbers  cannot be z-numbers because their second transform will be even, giving a value

<2Z0 in contradiction of Lemma 2.   Because of the large magnitude of any possible Z(0), the +values make no impact on the

effect of this which can be considered to continue to Z(0)+n.   This imposes no requirement on non-bold numbers as to whether

or not they are c- or z- type numbers.

 

Lemma 6 — Any Collatz trajectory starting Z(0) must to be possible, never intersect with any of the c-numbers required by Lemma 5, nor any number produced by any of their trajectories, or their precursor chains.

 

Effect of Lemma 5a constraint.

Trajectories can be uniquely identified by their sequence of odd-even-numbers.  I will 'name' trajectories by assigning 1 to odd and 0 to even, giving a value.  For the first 14 steps (including the starting number) this gives 582 possible trajectories from an odd start.  This gives paths from:

100000000000000 to 101010101010101

It can be shown exhaustively by analysis that for the first 14 steps from any Z0 the set of possible odd-even-etc trajectories results for all produce:

      1) in 552 of 582 cases, a simple failure due to the necessary creation of an even value less than 2Z(0).    

      2) in 30 of the 582, no failure due to Lemma 5a constraints within 15 steps, however methodologies for

      testing constraints from Lemma 5b and 5c are under construction, and will be added to this paper.

 

     Example of Lemma 5a constraint:

 

For example the trajectory 101010101000001 where 1 = odd, and 0 = even results in a number of the form 0.474609* S+0.412109 at step 15.

If   S = Z0, the trajectory at step 15 is  <2Z0, thus S for that trajectory cannot consistantly = Z0

 

Full listing of 15 step analysis for possible Z(0) path constraints from Lemma 5a:

 

Trajectories which if followed by illustrative c-numbers lead to coalescence with trajectories in the 2x S range after 14 steps.

 

Ref

Steps 1= odd, 0 =even

resultant value at step14 from SEED  S

Notes

1

100000000000000

0.0003662109375*S+0.0001220703125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

2

100000000000001

0.0003662109375*S+0.0001220703125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

3

100000000000010

0.002197265625*S+1.000732421875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

4

100000000000100

0.002197265625*S+0.500732421875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

5

100000000000101

0.002197265625*S+0.500732421875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

6

100000000001000

0.002197265625*S+0.250732421875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

7

100000000001001

0.002197265625*S+0.250732421875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

8

100000000001010

0.01318359375*S+2.50439453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

9

100000000010000

0.002197265625*S+0.125732421875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

10

100000000010001

0.002197265625*S+0.125732421875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

11

100000000010010

0.01318359375*S+1.75439453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

12

100000000010100

0.01318359375*S+1.25439453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

13

100000000010101

0.01318359375*S+1.25439453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

14

100000000100000

0.002197265625*S+0.063232421875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

15

100000000100001

0.002197265625*S+0.063232421875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

16

100000000100010

0.01318359375*S+1.37939453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

17

100000000100100

0.01318359375*S+0.87939453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

18

100000000100101

0.01318359375*S+0.87939453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

19

100000000101000

0.01318359375*S+0.62939453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

20

100000000101001

0.01318359375*S+0.62939453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

21

100000000101010

0.0791015625*S+4.7763671875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

22

100000001000000

0.002197265625*S+0.031982421875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

23

100000001000001

0.002197265625*S+0.031982421875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

24

100000001000010

0.01318359375*S+1.19189453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

25

100000001000100

0.01318359375*S+0.69189453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

26

100000001000101

0.01318359375*S+0.69189453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

27

100000001001000

0.01318359375*S+0.44189453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

28

100000001001001

0.01318359375*S+0.44189453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

29

100000001001010

0.0791015625*S+3.6513671875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

30

100000001010000

0.01318359375*S+0.31689453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

31

100000001010001

0.01318359375*S+0.31689453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

32

100000001010010

0.0791015625*S+2.9013671875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

33

100000001010100

0.0791015625*S+2.4013671875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

34

100000001010101

0.0791015625*S+2.4013671875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

35

100000010000000

0.002197265625*S+0.016357421875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

36

100000010000001

0.002197265625*S+0.016357421875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

37

100000010000010

0.01318359375*S+1.09814453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

38

100000010000100

0.01318359375*S+0.59814453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

39

100000010000101

0.01318359375*S+0.59814453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

40

100000010001000

0.01318359375*S+0.34814453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

41

100000010001010

0.0791015625*S+3.0888671875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

42

100000010010000

0.01318359375*S+0.22314453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

43

100000010010001

0.01318359375*S+0.22314453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

44

100000010010010

0.0791015625*S+2.3388671875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

45

100000010010100

0.0791015625*S+1.8388671875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

46

100000010010101

0.0791015625*S+1.8388671875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

47

100000010100000

0.01318359375*S+0.16064453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

48

100000010100001

0.01318359375*S+0.16064453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

49

100000010100010

0.0791015625*S+1.9638671875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

50

100000010100101

0.0791015625*S+1.4638671875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

51

100000010101000

0.0791015625*S+1.2138671875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

52

100000010101001

0.0791015625*S+1.2138671875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

53

100000010101010

0.474609375*S+8.283203125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

54

100000100000000

0.002197265625*S+0.008544921875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

55

100000100000001

0.002197265625*S+0.008544921875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

56

100000100000010

0.01318359375*S+1.05126953125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

57

100000100000100

0.01318359375*S+0.55126953125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

58

100000100000101

0.01318359375*S+0.55126953125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

59

100000100001000

0.01318359375*S+0.30126953125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

60

100000100001001

0.01318359375*S+0.30126953125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

61

100000100001010

0.0791015625*S+2.8076171875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

62

100000100010000

0.01318359375*S+0.17626953125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

63

100000100010001

0.01318359375*S+0.17626953125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

64

100000100010010

0.0791015625*S+2.0576171875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

65

100000100010100

0.0791015625*S+1.5576171875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

66

100000100010101

0.0791015625*S+1.5576171875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

67

100000100100000

0.01318359375*S+0.11376953125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

68

100000100100001

0.01318359375*S+0.11376953125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

69

100000100100010

0.0791015625*S+1.6826171875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

70

100000100100100

0.0791015625*S+1.1826171875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

71

100000100100101

0.0791015625*S+1.1826171875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

72

100000100101000

0.0791015625*S+0.9326171875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

73

100000100101001

0.0791015625*S+0.9326171875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

74

100000100101010

0.474609375*S+6.595703125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

75

100000101000000

0.01318359375*S+0.08251953125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

76

100000101000001

0.01318359375*S+0.08251953125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

77

100000101000010

0.0791015625*S+1.4951171875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

78

100000101000100

0.0791015625*S+0.9951171875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

79

100000101000101

0.0791015625*S+0.9951171875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

80

100000101001000

0.0791015625*S+0.7451171875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

81

100000101001001

0.0791015625*S+0.7451171875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

82

100000101010000

0.0791015625*S+0.6201171875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

83

100000101010001

0.0791015625*S+0.6201171875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

84

100000101010010

0.474609375*S+4.720703125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

85

100000101010100

0.474609375*S+4.220703125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

86

100000101010101

0.474609375*S+4.220703125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

87

100001000000001

0.002197265625*S+0.004638671875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

88

100001000000010

0.01318359375*S+1.02783203125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

89

100001000000100

0.01318359375*S+0.52783203125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

90

100001000000101

0.01318359375*S+0.52783203125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

91

100001000001000

0.01318359375*S+0.27783203125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

92

100001000001001

0.01318359375*S+0.27783203125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

93

100001000001010

0.0791015625*S+2.6669921875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

94

100001000010000

0.01318359375*S+0.15283203125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

95

100001000010001

0.01318359375*S+0.15283203125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

96

100001000010010

0.0791015625*S+1.9169921875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

97

100001000010100

0.0791015625*S+1.4169921875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

98

100001000010101

0.0791015625*S+1.4169921875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

99

100001000100000

0.01318359375*S+0.09033203125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

100

100001000100001

0.01318359375*S+0.09033203125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

101

100001000100010

0.0791015625*S+1.5419921875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

102

100001000100100

0.0791015625*S+1.0419921875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

103

100001000100101

0.0791015625*S+1.0419921875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

104

100001000101000

0.0791015625*S+0.7919921875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

105

100001000101001

0.0791015625*S+0.7919921875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

106

100001000101010

0.474609375*S+5.751953125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

107

100001001000000

0.01318359375*S+0.05908203125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

108

100001001000001

0.01318359375*S+0.05908203125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

109

100001001000010

0.0791015625*S+1.3544921875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

110

100001001000100

0.0791015625*S+0.8544921875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

111

100001001000101

0.0791015625*S+0.8544921875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

112

100001001001000

0.0791015625*S+0.6044921875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

113

100001001001001

0.0791015625*S+0.6044921875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

114

100001001001010

0.474609375*S+4.626953125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

115

100001001010000

0.0791015625*S+0.4794921875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

116

100001001010001

0.0791015625*S+0.4794921875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

117

100001001010010

0.474609375*S+3.876953125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

118

100001001010100

0.474609375*S+3.376953125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

119

100001001010101

0.474609375*S+3.376953125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

120

100001010000000

0.01318359375*S+0.04345703125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

121

100001010000001

0.01318359375*S+0.04345703125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

122

100001010000010

0.0791015625*S+1.2607421875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

123

100001010000100

0.0791015625*S+0.7607421875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

124

100001010000101

0.0791015625*S+0.7607421875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

125

100001010001000

0.0791015625*S+0.5107421875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

126

100001010001001

0.0791015625*S+0.5107421875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

127

100001010001010

0.474609375*S+4.064453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

128

100001010010000

0.0791015625*S+0.3857421875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

129

100001010010001

0.0791015625*S+0.3857421875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

130

100001010010010

0.474609375*S+3.314453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

131

100001010010100

0.474609375*S+2.814453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

132

100001010010101

0.474609375*S+2.814453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

133

100001010100000

0.0791015625*S+0.3232421875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

134

100001010100001

0.0791015625*S+0.3232421875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

135

100001010100010

0.474609375*S+2.939453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

136

100001010100100

0.474609375*S+2.439453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

137

100001010100101

0.474609375*S+2.439453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

138

100001010101000

0.474609375*S+2.189453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

139

100001010101001

0.474609375*S+2.189453125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

140

100001010101010

2.84765625*S+14.13671875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

141

100010000000000

0.002197265625*S+0.002685546875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

142

100010000000001

0.002197265625*S+0.002685546875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

143

100010000000010

0.01318359375*S+1.01611328125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

144

100010000000100

0.01318359375*S+0.51611328125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

145

100010000000101

0.01318359375*S+0.51611328125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

146

100010000001000

0.01318359375*S+0.26611328125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

147

100010000001001

0.01318359375*S+0.26611328125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

148

100010000001010

0.0791015625*S+2.5966796875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

149

100010000010000

0.01318359375*S+0.14111328125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

150

100010000010001

0.01318359375*S+0.14111328125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

151

100010000010010

0.0791015625*S+1.8466796875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

152

100010000010100

0.0791015625*S+1.3466796875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

153

100010000010101

0.0791015625*S+1.3466796875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

154

100010000100000

0.01318359375*S+0.07861328125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

155

100010000100001

0.01318359375*S+0.07861328125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

156

100010000100010

0.0791015625*S+1.4716796875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

157

100010000100100

0.0791015625*S+0.9716796875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

158

100010000100101

0.0791015625*S+0.9716796875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

159

100010000101001

0.0791015625*S+0.7216796875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

160

100010000101010

0.474609375*S+5.330078125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

161

100010001000000

0.01318359375*S+0.04736328125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

162

100010001000001

0.01318359375*S+0.04736328125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

163

100010001000010

0.0791015625*S+1.2841796875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

164

100010001000100

0.0791015625*S+0.7841796875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

165

100010001000101

0.0791015625*S+0.7841796875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

166

100010001001000

0.0791015625*S+0.5341796875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

167

100010001001001

0.0791015625*S+0.5341796875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

168

100010001001010

0.474609375*S+4.205078125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

169

100010001010000

0.0791015625*S+0.4091796875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

170

100010001010001

0.0791015625*S+0.4091796875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

171

100010001010010

0.474609375*S+3.455078125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

172

100010001010100

0.474609375*S+2.955078125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

173

100010001010101

0.474609375*S+2.955078125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

174

100010010000000

0.01318359375*S+0.03173828125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

175

100010010000001

0.01318359375*S+0.03173828125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

176

100010010000010

0.0791015625*S+1.1904296875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

177

100010010000100

0.0791015625*S+0.6904296875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

178

100010010000101

0.0791015625*S+0.6904296875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

179

100010010001000

0.0791015625*S+0.4404296875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

180

100010010001001

0.0791015625*S+0.4404296875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

181

100010010001010

0.474609375*S+3.642578125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

182

100010010010000

0.0791015625*S+0.3154296875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

183

100010010010001

0.0791015625*S+0.3154296875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

184

100010010010010

0.474609375*S+2.892578125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

185

100010010010100

0.474609375*S+2.392578125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

186

100010010010101

0.474609375*S+2.392578125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

187

100010010100000

0.0791015625*S+0.2529296875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

188

100010010100001

0.0791015625*S+0.2529296875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

189

100010010100010

0.474609375*S+2.517578125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

190

100010010100100

0.474609375*S+2.017578125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

191

100010010100101

0.474609375*S+2.017578125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

192

100010010101000

0.474609375*S+1.767578125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

193

100010010101010

2.84765625*S+11.60546875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

194

100010100000000

0.01318359375*S+0.02392578125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

195

100010100000001

0.01318359375*S+0.02392578125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

196

100010100000010

0.0791015625*S+1.1435546875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

197

100010100000100

0.0791015625*S+0.6435546875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

198

100010100000101

0.0791015625*S+0.6435546875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

199

100010100001000

0.0791015625*S+0.3935546875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

200

100010100001001

0.0791015625*S+0.3935546875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

201

100010100001010

0.474609375*S+3.361328125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

202

100010100010000

0.0791015625*S+0.2685546875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

203

100010100010001

0.0791015625*S+0.2685546875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

204

100010100010010

0.474609375*S+2.611328125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

205

100010100010100

0.474609375*S+2.111328125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

206

100010100010101

0.474609375*S+2.111328125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

207

100010100100000

0.0791015625*S+0.2060546875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

208

100010100100001

0.0791015625*S+0.2060546875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

209

100010100100010

0.474609375*S+2.236328125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

210

100010100100100

0.474609375*S+1.736328125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

211

100010100100101

0.474609375*S+1.736328125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

212

100010100101000

0.474609375*S+1.486328125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

213

100010100101001

0.474609375*S+1.486328125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

214

100010100101010

2.84765625*S+9.91796875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

215

100010101000000

0.0791015625*S+0.1748046875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

216

100010101000001

0.0791015625*S+0.1748046875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

217

100010101000010

0.474609375*S+2.048828125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

218

100010101000100

0.474609375*S+1.548828125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

219

100010101000101

0.474609375*S+1.548828125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

220

100010101001000

0.474609375*S+1.298828125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

221

100010101001001

0.474609375*S+1.298828125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

222

100010101001010

2.84765625*S+8.79296875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

223

100010101010000

0.474609375*S+1.173828125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

224

100010101010001

0.474609375*S+1.173828125

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

225

100010101010010

2.84765625*S+8.04296875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

226

100010101010100

2.84765625*S+7.54296875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

227

100010101010101

2.84765625*S+7.54296875

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

228

100100000000000

0.002197265625*S+0.001708984375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

229

100100000000001

0.002197265625*S+0.001708984375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

230

100100000000010

0.01318359375*S+1.01025390625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

231

100100000000100

0.01318359375*S+0.51025390625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

232

100100000000101

0.01318359375*S+0.51025390625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

233

100100000001000

0.01318359375*S+0.26025390625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

234

100100000001001

0.01318359375*S+0.26025390625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

235

100100000001010

0.0791015625*S+2.5615234375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

236

100100000010000

0.01318359375*S+0.13525390625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

237

100100000010001

0.01318359375*S+0.13525390625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

238

100100000010010

0.0791015625*S+1.8115234375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

239

100100000010100

0.0791015625*S+1.3115234375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

240

100100000010101

0.0791015625*S+1.3115234375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

241

100100000100000

0.01318359375*S+0.07275390625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

242

100100000100001

0.01318359375*S+0.07275390625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

243

100100000100010

0.0791015625*S+1.4365234375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

244

100100000100100

0.0791015625*S+0.9365234375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

245

100100000100101

0.0791015625*S+0.9365234375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

246

100100000101000

0.0791015625*S+0.6865234375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

247

100100000101001

0.0791015625*S+0.6865234375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

248

100100000101010

0.474609375*S+5.119140625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

249

100100001000000

0.01318359375*S+0.04150390625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

250

100100001000001

0.01318359375*S+0.04150390625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

251

100100001000010

0.0791015625*S+1.2490234375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

252

100100001000100

0.0791015625*S+0.7490234375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

253

100100001000101

0.0791015625*S+0.7490234375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

254

100100001001000

0.0791015625*S+0.4990234375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

255

100100001001001

0.0791015625*S+0.4990234375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

256

100100001001010

0.474609375*S+3.994140625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

257

100100001010000

0.0791015625*S+0.3740234375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

258

100100001010001

0.0791015625*S+0.3740234375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

259

100100001010100

0.474609375*S+2.744140625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

260

100100001010101

0.474609375*S+2.744140625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

261

100100010000000

0.01318359375*S+0.02587890625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

262

100100010000001

0.01318359375*S+0.02587890625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

263

100100010000010

0.0791015625*S+1.1552734375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

264

100100010000100

0.0791015625*S+0.6552734375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

265

100100010000101

0.0791015625*S+0.6552734375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

266

100100010001000

0.0791015625*S+0.4052734375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

267

100100010001001

0.0791015625*S+0.4052734375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

268

100100010001010

0.474609375*S+3.431640625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

269

100100010010000

0.0791015625*S+0.2802734375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

270

100100010010001

0.0791015625*S+0.2802734375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

271

100100010010010

0.474609375*S+2.681640625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

272

100100010010100

0.474609375*S+2.181640625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

273

100100010010101

0.474609375*S+2.181640625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

274

100100010100000

0.0791015625*S+0.2177734375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

275

100100010100001

0.0791015625*S+0.2177734375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

276

100100010100010

0.474609375*S+2.306640625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

277

100100010100100

0.474609375*S+1.806640625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

278

100100010100101

0.474609375*S+1.806640625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

279

100100010101000

0.474609375*S+1.556640625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

280

100100010101001

0.474609375*S+1.556640625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

281

100100010101010

2.84765625*S+10.33984375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

282

100100100000000

0.01318359375*S+0.01806640625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

283

100100100000001

0.01318359375*S+0.01806640625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

284

100100100000010

0.0791015625*S+1.1083984375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

285

100100100000100

0.0791015625*S+0.6083984375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

286

100100100000101

0.0791015625*S+0.6083984375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

287

100100100001000

0.0791015625*S+0.3583984375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

288

100100100001001

0.0791015625*S+0.3583984375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

289

100100100001010

0.474609375*S+3.150390625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

290

100100100010000

0.0791015625*S+0.2333984375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

291

100100100010001

0.0791015625*S+0.2333984375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

292

100100100010010

0.474609375*S+2.400390625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

293

100100100010100

0.474609375*S+1.900390625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

294

100100100010101

0.474609375*S+1.900390625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

295

100100100100000

0.0791015625*S+0.1708984375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

296

100100100100001

0.0791015625*S+0.1708984375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

297

100100100100010

0.474609375*S+2.025390625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

298

100100100100100

0.474609375*S+1.525390625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

299

100100100100101

0.474609375*S+1.525390625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

300

100100100101000

0.474609375*S+1.275390625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

301

100100100101010

2.84765625*S+8.65234375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

302

100100101000000

0.0791015625*S+0.1396484375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

303

100100101000001

0.0791015625*S+0.1396484375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

304

100100101000010

0.474609375*S+1.837890625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

305

100100101000100

0.474609375*S+1.337890625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

306

100100101000101

0.474609375*S+1.337890625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

307

100100101001000

0.474609375*S+1.087890625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

308

100100101001001

0.474609375*S+1.087890625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

309

100100101001010

2.84765625*S+7.52734375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

310

100100101010000

0.474609375*S+0.962890625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

311

100100101010001

0.474609375*S+0.962890625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

312

100100101010100

2.84765625*S+6.27734375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

313

100100101010101

2.84765625*S+6.27734375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

314

100101000000000

0.01318359375*S+0.01416015625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

315

100101000000001

0.01318359375*S+0.01416015625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

316

100101000000010

0.0791015625*S+1.0849609375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

317

100101000000100

0.0791015625*S+0.5849609375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

318

100101000000101

0.0791015625*S+0.5849609375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

319

100101000001000

0.0791015625*S+0.3349609375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

320

100101000001001

0.0791015625*S+0.3349609375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

321

100101000001010

0.474609375*S+3.009765625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

322

100101000010000

0.0791015625*S+0.2099609375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

323

100101000010001

0.0791015625*S+0.2099609375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

324

100101000010010

0.474609375*S+2.259765625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

325

100101000010100

0.474609375*S+1.759765625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

326

100101000010101

0.474609375*S+1.759765625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

327

100101000100000

0.0791015625*S+0.1474609375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

328

100101000100001

0.0791015625*S+0.1474609375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

329

100101000100010

0.474609375*S+1.884765625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

330

100101000100100

0.474609375*S+1.384765625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

331

100101000101000

0.474609375*S+1.134765625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

332

100101000101001

0.474609375*S+1.134765625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

333

100101000101010

2.84765625*S+7.80859375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

334

100101001000000

0.0791015625*S+0.1162109375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

335

100101001000001

0.0791015625*S+0.1162109375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

336

100101001000010

0.474609375*S+1.697265625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

337

100101001000100

0.474609375*S+1.197265625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

338

100101001000101

0.474609375*S+1.197265625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

339

100101001001000

0.474609375*S+0.947265625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

340

100101001001001

0.474609375*S+0.947265625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

341

100101001001010

2.84765625*S+6.68359375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

342

100101001010000

0.474609375*S+0.822265625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

343

100101001010001

0.474609375*S+0.822265625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

344

100101001010010

2.84765625*S+5.93359375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

345

100101001010100

2.84765625*S+5.43359375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

346

100101001010101

2.84765625*S+5.43359375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

347

100101010000000

0.0791015625*S+0.1005859375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

348

100101010000001

0.0791015625*S+0.1005859375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

349

100101010000010

0.474609375*S+1.603515625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

350

100101010000100

0.474609375*S+1.103515625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

351

100101010000101

0.474609375*S+1.103515625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

352

100101010001000

0.474609375*S+0.853515625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

353

100101010001001

0.474609375*S+0.853515625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

354

100101010001010

2.84765625*S+6.12109375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

355

100101010010000

0.474609375*S+0.728515625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

356

100101010010001

0.474609375*S+0.728515625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

357

100101010010010

2.84765625*S+5.37109375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

358

100101010010100

2.84765625*S+4.87109375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

359

100101010010101

2.84765625*S+4.87109375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

360

100101010100000

0.474609375*S+0.666015625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

361

100101010100001

0.474609375*S+0.666015625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

362

100101010100010

2.84765625*S+4.99609375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

363

100101010100100

2.84765625*S+4.49609375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

364

100101010100101

2.84765625*S+4.49609375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

365

100101010101000

2.84765625*S+4.24609375

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

366

100101010101010

17.0859375*S+26.4765625

Too low at step2 for Z0 validity

367

101000000000000

0.002197265625*S+0.001220703125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

368

101000000000001

0.002197265625*S+0.001220703125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

369

101000000000010

0.01318359375*S+1.00732421875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

370

101000000000100

0.01318359375*S+0.50732421875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

371

101000000000101

0.01318359375*S+0.50732421875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

372

101000000001000

0.01318359375*S+0.25732421875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

373

101000000001001

0.01318359375*S+0.25732421875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

374

101000000001010

0.0791015625*S+2.5439453125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

375

101000000010000

0.01318359375*S+0.13232421875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

376

101000000010001

0.01318359375*S+0.13232421875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

377

101000000010010

0.0791015625*S+1.7939453125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

378

101000000010100

0.0791015625*S+1.2939453125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

379

101000000010101

0.0791015625*S+1.2939453125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

380

101000000100000

0.01318359375*S+0.06982421875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

381

101000000100001

0.01318359375*S+0.06982421875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

382

101000000100010

0.0791015625*S+1.4189453125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

383

101000000100100

0.0791015625*S+0.9189453125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

384

101000000100101

0.0791015625*S+0.9189453125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

385

101000000101000

0.0791015625*S+0.6689453125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

386

101000000101001

0.0791015625*S+0.6689453125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

387

101000000101010

0.474609375*S+5.013671875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

388

101000001000000

0.01318359375*S+0.03857421875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

389

101000001000001

0.01318359375*S+0.03857421875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

390

101000001000010

0.0791015625*S+1.2314453125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

391

101000001000100

0.0791015625*S+0.7314453125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

392

101000001000101

0.0791015625*S+0.7314453125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

393

101000001001000

0.0791015625*S+0.4814453125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

394

101000001001001

0.0791015625*S+0.4814453125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

395

101000001001010

0.474609375*S+3.888671875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

396

101000001010000

0.0791015625*S+0.3564453125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

397

101000001010001

0.0791015625*S+0.3564453125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

398

101000001010010

0.474609375*S+3.138671875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

399

101000001010100

0.474609375*S+2.638671875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

400

101000001010101

0.474609375*S+2.638671875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

401

101000010000000

0.01318359375*S+0.02294921875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

402

101000010000001

0.01318359375*S+0.02294921875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

403

101000010000010

0.0791015625*S+1.1376953125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

404

101000010000100

0.0791015625*S+0.6376953125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

405

101000010000101

0.0791015625*S+0.6376953125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

406

101000010001000

0.0791015625*S+0.3876953125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

407

101000010001001

0.0791015625*S+0.3876953125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

408

101000010001010

0.474609375*S+3.326171875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

409

101000010010000

0.0791015625*S+0.2626953125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

410

101000010010001

0.0791015625*S+0.2626953125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

411

101000010010010

0.474609375*S+2.576171875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

412

101000010010010

0.474609375*S+2.576171875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

413

101000010010100

0.474609375*S+2.076171875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

414

101000010010101

0.474609375*S+2.076171875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

415

101000010100000

0.0791015625*S+0.2001953125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

416

101000010100001

0.0791015625*S+0.2001953125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

417

101000010100010

0.474609375*S+2.201171875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

418

101000010100100

0.474609375*S+1.701171875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

419

101000010100101

0.474609375*S+1.701171875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

420

101000010101000

0.474609375*S+1.451171875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

421

101000010101010

2.84765625*S+9.70703125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

422

101000100000000

0.01318359375*S+0.01513671875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

423

101000100000001

0.01318359375*S+0.01513671875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

424

101000100000010

0.0791015625*S+1.0908203125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

425

101000100000100

0.0791015625*S+0.5908203125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

426

101000100000101

0.0791015625*S+0.5908203125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

427

101000100001000

0.0791015625*S+0.3408203125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

428

101000100001001

0.0791015625*S+0.3408203125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

429

101000100001010

0.474609375*S+3.044921875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

430

101000100010000

0.0791015625*S+0.2158203125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

431

101000100010001

0.0791015625*S+0.2158203125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

432

101000100010010

0.474609375*S+2.294921875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

433

101000100010100

0.474609375*S+1.794921875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

434

101000100010101

0.474609375*S+1.794921875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

435

101000100100000

0.0791015625*S+0.1533203125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

436

101000100100001

0.0791015625*S+0.1533203125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

437

101000100100010

0.474609375*S+1.919921875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

438

101000100100100

0.474609375*S+1.419921875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

439

101000100100101

0.474609375*S+1.419921875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

440

101000100101000

0.474609375*S+1.169921875

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

441

101000100101010

2.84765625*S+8.01953125

Too low at step5 for Z0 validity

442

101001000000000

0.01318359375*S+0.01123046875

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

443

101001000000001

0.01318359375*S+0.01123046875

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

444

101001000000010

0.0791015625*S+1.0673828125

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

445

101001000000100

0.0791015625*S+0.5673828125

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

446

101001000000101

0.0791015625*S+0.5673828125

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

447

101001000001000

0.0791015625*S+0.3173828125

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

448

101001000001001

0.0791015625*S+0.3173828125

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

449

101001000001010

0.474609375*S+2.904296875

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

450

101001000010000

0.0791015625*S+0.1923828125

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

451

101001000010001

0.0791015625*S+0.1923828125

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

452

101001000010010

0.474609375*S+2.154296875

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

453

101001000010100

0.474609375*S+1.654296875

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

454

101001000010101

0.474609375*S+1.654296875

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

455

101001000100000

0.0791015625*S+0.1298828125

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

456

101001000100001

0.0791015625*S+0.1298828125

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

457

101001000100010

0.474609375*S+1.779296875

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

458

101001000100100

0.474609375*S+1.279296875

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

459

101001000100101

0.474609375*S+1.279296875

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

460

101001000101000

0.474609375*S+1.029296875

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

461

101001000101001

0.474609375*S+1.029296875

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

462

101001000101010

2.84765625*S+7.17578125

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

463

101001001000000

0.0791015625*S+0.0986328125

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

464

101001001000001

0.0791015625*S+0.0986328125

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

465

101001001000010

0.474609375*S+1.591796875

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

466

101001001000100

0.474609375*S+1.091796875

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

467

101001001000101

0.474609375*S+1.091796875

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

468

101001001001000

0.474609375*S+0.841796875

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

469

101001001001001

0.474609375*S+0.841796875

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

470

101001001001010

2.84765625*S+6.05078125

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

471

101001001010000

0.474609375*S+0.716796875

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

472

101001001010001

0.474609375*S+0.716796875

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

473

101001001010010

2.84765625*S+5.30078125

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

474

101001001010100

2.84765625*S+4.80078125

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

475

101001001010101

2.84765625*S+4.80078125

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

476

101001010000000

0.0791015625*S+0.0830078125

Too low at step9 for Z0 validity

477

101001010000001

0.0791015625*S+0.0830078125

Too low at step9 for Z0 validity

478

101001010000010

0.474609375*S+1.498046875

Too low at step9 for Z0 validity

479

101001010000100

0.474609375*S+0.998046875

Too low at step9 for Z0 validity

480

101001010000101

0.474609375*S+0.998046875

Too low at step9 for Z0 validity

481

101001010001000

0.474609375*S+0.748046875

Too low at step9 for Z0 validity

482

101001010001001

0.474609375*S+0.748046875

Too low at step9 for Z0 validity

483

101001010001010

2.84765625*S+5.48828125

Too low at step9 for Z0 validity

484

101001010010000

0.474609375*S+0.623046875

Too low at step12  for Z0 validity

485

101001010010001

0.474609375*S+0.623046875

Too low at step12  for Z0 validity

486

101001010010010

2.84765625*S+4.73828125

Too low at step12  for Z0 validity

487

101001010010100

2.84765625*S+4.23828125

Passes Lemma 5a

488

101001010010101

2.84765625*S+4.23828125

Passes Lemma 5a

489

101001010100000

0.474609375*S+0.560546875

Too low at step12  for Z0 validity

490

101001010100001

0.474609375*S+0.560546875

Too low at step12  for Z0 validity

491

101001010100010

2.84765625*S+4.36328125

Too low at step12  for Z0 validity

                               492

101001010100100

2.84765625*S+3.86328125

 

Passes Lemma 5a

 

493

101001010100101

2.84765625*S+3.86328125

Passes Lemma 5a

494

101001010101000

2.84765625*S+3.61328125

Passes Lemma 5a

495

101001010101001

2.84765625*S+3.61328125

Passes Lemma 5a

496

101001010101010

17.0859375*S+22.6796875

Passes Lemma 5a

497

101010000000000

0.01318359375*S+0.00927734375

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

498

101010000000001

0.01318359375*S+0.00927734375

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

499

101010000000010

0.0791015625*S+1.0556640625

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

500

101010000000100

0.0791015625*S+0.5556640625

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

501

101010000000101

0.0791015625*S+0.5556640625

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

502

101010000001000

0.0791015625*S+0.3056640625

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

503

101010000001001

0.0791015625*S+0.3056640625

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

504

101010000001010

0.474609375*S+2.833984375

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

505

101010000010000

0.0791015625*S+0.1806640625

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

506

101010000010001

0.0791015625*S+0.1806640625

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

507

101010000010010

0.474609375*S+2.083984375

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

508

101010000010100

0.474609375*S+1.583984375

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

509

101010000010101

0.474609375*S+1.583984375

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

510

101010000100000

0.0791015625*S+0.1181640625

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

511

101010000100001

0.0791015625*S+0.1181640625

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

512

101010000100010

0.474609375*S+1.708984375

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

513

101010000100100

0.474609375*S+1.208984375

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

514

101010000100101

0.474609375*S+1.208984375

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

515

101010000101000

0.474609375*S+0.958984375

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

516

101010000101001

0.474609375*S+0.958984375

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

517

101010000101010

2.84765625*S+6.75390625

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

518

101010001000000

0.0791015625*S+0.0869140625

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

519

101010001000001

0.0791015625*S+0.0869140625

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

520

101010001000010

0.474609375*S+1.521484375

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

521

101010001000100

0.474609375*S+1.021484375

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

522

101010001000101

0.474609375*S+1.021484375

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

523

101010001001000

0.474609375*S+0.771484375

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

524

101010001001010

2.84765625*S+5.62890625

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

525

101010001010000

0.474609375*S+0.646484375

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

526

101010001010001

0.474609375*S+0.646484375

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

527

101010001010010

2.84765625*S+4.87890625

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

528

101010001010100

2.84765625*S+4.37890625

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

529

101010001010101

2.84765625*S+4.37890625

Too low at step7 for Z0 validity

530

101010010000000

0.0791015625*S+0.0712890625

Too low at step10 for Z0 validity

531

101010010000001

0.0791015625*S+0.0712890625

Too low at step10 for Z0 validity

532

101010010000010

0.474609375*S+1.427734375

Too low at step10 for Z0 validity

533

101010010000100

0.474609375*S+0.927734375

Too low at step10 for Z0 validity

534

101010010001000

0.474609375*S+0.677734375

Too low at step10 for Z0 validity

535

101010010001001

0.474609375*S+0.677734375

Too low at step10 for Z0 validity

536

101010010001010

2.84765625*S+5.06640625

Too low at step10 for Z0 validity

537

101010010010000

0.474609375*S+0.552734375

Too low at step12  for Z0 validity

538

101010010010001

0.474609375*S+0.552734375

Too low at step12  for Z0 validity

539

101010010010010

2.84765625*S+4.31640625

Too low at step12  for Z0 validity

540

101010010010100

2.84765625*S+3.81640625

Passes Lemma 5a

541

101010010010101

2.84765625*S+3.81640625

Passes Lemma 5a

542

101010010100000

0.474609375*S+0.490234375

Too low at step12  for Z0 validity

543

101010010100001

0.474609375*S+0.490234375

Too low at step12  for Z0 validity

544

101010010100010

2.84765625*S+3.94140625

Too low at step12  for Z0 validity

545

101010010100100

2.84765625*S+3.44140625

Passes Lemma 5a

546

101010010100101

2.84765625*S+3.44140625

Passes Lemma 5a

547

101010010101000

2.84765625*S+3.19140625

Passes Lemma 5a

548

101010010101001

2.84765625*S+3.19140625

Passes Lemma 5a

549

101010010101010

17.0859375*S+20.1484375

Passes Lemma 5a

550

101010100000000

0.0791015625*S+0.0634765625

Too low at step10  for Z0 validity

551

101010100000001

0.0791015625*S+0.0634765625

Too low at step10  for Z0 validity

552

101010100000010

0.474609375*S+1.380859375

Too low at step10  for Z0 validity

553

101010100000100

0.474609375*S+0.880859375

Too low at step10  for Z0 validity

554

101010100000101

0.474609375*S+0.880859375

Too low at step10  for Z0 validity

555

101010100001000

0.474609375*S+0.630859375

Too low at step10  for Z0 validity

556

101010100001001

0.474609375*S+0.630859375

Too low at step10  for Z0 validity

557

101010100001010

2.84765625*S+4.78515625

Too low at step10  for Z0 validity

558

101010100010000

0.474609375*S+0.505859375

Too low at step12  for Z0 validity

559

101010100010001

0.474609375*S+0.505859375

Too low at step12  for Z0 validity

560

101010100010010

2.84765625*S+4.03515625

Too low at step12  for Z0 validity

561

101010100010100

2.84765625*S+3.53515625

Passes Lemma 5a

562

101010100010101

2.84765625*S+3.53515625

Passes Lemma 5a

563

101010100100000

0.474609375*S+0.443359375

Too low at step12  for Z0 validity

564

101010100100001

0.474609375*S+0.443359375

Too low at step12  for Z0 validity

565

101010100100010

2.84765625*S+3.66015625

Too low at step12  for Z0 validity

566

101010100100100

2.84765625*S+3.16015625

Passes Lemma 5a

567

101010100100101

2.84765625*S+3.16015625

Passes Lemma 5a

568

101010100101000

2.84765625*S+2.91015625

Passes Lemma 5a

569

101010100101001

2.84765625*S+2.91015625

Passes Lemma 5a

570

101010100101010

17.0859375*S+18.4609375

Passes Lemma 5a

571

101010101000000

0.474609375*S+0.412109375

Too low at step12  for Z0 validity

572

101010101000001

0.474609375*S+0.412109375

Too low at step12  for Z0 validity

573

101010101000010

2.84765625*S+3.47265625

Too low at step12  for Z0 validity

574

101010101000100

2.84765625*S+2.97265625

All remaining paths

575

101010101000101

2.84765625*S+2.97265625

pass Lemma 5a

576

101010101001000

2.84765625*S+2.72265625

577

101010101001001

2.84765625*S+2.72265625

578

101010101001010

17.0859375*S+17.3359375

579

101010101010000

2.84765625*S+2.59765625

580

101010101010001

2.84765625*S+2.59765625

581

101010101010100

17.0859375*S+16.0859375

582

101010101010101

17.0859375*S+16.0859375

 

 

Lemma 7 – If Z(0) exists its first 14 transforms must follow one of these 30 pathways.

This is a restatement of the above table, showing only the exceptions to Lemma 5a – for clarity.  C-numbers which follow the

Transform patterns shown up to step 14 have been added for ease of verification of values.  Possible Z(0) pathways have been

Numbered for testing against Lemma 5b and 5c constraints.

Z-PATH1 like 507

101001010010100

2.84765625*S+4.23828125

Z-PATH2 like 251

101001010010101

2.84765625*S+4.23828125

Z-PATH3 like 347

101001010100100

2.84765625*S+3.86328125

Z-PATH4 like 91

101001010100101

2.84765625*S+3.86328125

Z-PATH5 like 411

101001010101000

2.84765625*S+3.61328125

Z-PATH6 like 155

101001010101001

2.84765625*S+3.61328125

Z-PATH7 like 27

101001010101010

17.0859375*S+22.6796875

Z-PATH8 like 71

101010010010100

2.84765625*S+3.81640625

Z-PATH9 like 327

101010010010101

2.84765625*S+3.81640625

Z-PATH10 like 423

101010010100100

2.84765625*S+3.44140625

Z-PATH11 like 167

101010010100101

2.84765625*S+3.44140625

Z-PATH12 like 487

101010010101000

2.84765625*S+3.19140625

Z-PATH13 like 231

101010010101001

2.84765625*S+3.19140625

Z-PATH14 like 103

101010010101010

17.0859375*S+20.1484375

Z-PATH15 like 463

101010100010100

2.84765625*S+3.53515625

Z-PATH16 like 207

101010100010101

2.84765625*S+3.53515625

Z-PATH17 like 303

101010100100100

2.84765625*S+3.16015625

Z-PATH18 like 47

101010100100101

2.84765625*S+3.16015625

Z-PATH19 like 367

101010100101000

2.84765625*S+2.91015625

Z-PATH20 like 111

101010100101001

2.84765625*S+2.91015625

Z-PATH21 like 239

101010100101010

17.0859375*S+18.4609375

Z-PATH22 like 479

101010101000100

2.84765625*S+2.97265625

Z-PATH23 like 223

101010101000101

2.84765625*S+2.97265625

Z-PATH24 like 287

101010101001000

2.84765625*S+2.72265625

Z-PATH25 like 31

101010101001001

2.84765625*S+2.72265625

Z-PATH26 like 159

101010101001010

17.0859375*S+17.3359375

Z-PATH27 like 63

101010101010000

2.84765625*S+2.59765625

Z-PATH28 like 319

101010101010001

2.84765625*S+2.59765625

Z-PATH29 like 127

101010101010100

17.0859375*S+16.0859375

Z-PATH30 like 255

101010101010101

17.0859375*S+16.0859375

 

Lemma 8 — The simple extended Z-PATH30 above can be shown to disallow Z0,   

 

For any odd positive integer S, whose path extends alternating odd and even 101010101010101......n. it would appear that the path must be a z-number path, since it must increase, at least to n.   

However where n > 145,

S-1 will  follow the path 01010101010101..................................n, and at step 145 both paths join.

If S = Z0   ,  S-1 = a c-number, hence a contradiction exists, as step145 must be both a z-number and a c-number.  

It should be stated that Lemma 7 does not show that if a different path permits the existence of a lowest z-number, that a case in which S and S-1 are both z-numbers greater than Z0 is impossible, only that Case 582 cannot permit Z0  and only where extension to n >145, permits parallel trajectories of S and S-1 to step 145.

 

 

Lemma  — Contradiction

 

Let a lowest z-number Z(0) exist.  It must firstly obey the boundaries shown in Lemma 5a, that is, as developed by Lemma 6 and 7 its the first 14 steps can only follow 30 possible paths.  By Lemma 8 it cannot follow an extended case of the 30th path.

If Z0 must therefore follow one of the 30 paths shown in Lemma 8, however the paths must also be shown avoid Lemma 5b and 5c constraints, including not joining with trajectories from surrounding c-numbers.

Initial investigation shows that where the 30 trajectory paths are followed by illustrative c-numbers they would in each case coalesce with trajectories originating in ranges which would be required to be c-numbers if positioned parallel to Z(0).  Such coalescence is invalid for z-numbers arising from Z(0) as a number cannot both be produced by a c-number and a z-number.

If no path is possible for Z(0) which does not either a) produce an even z-number <2Z(0) invalidation of Lemma 2 (Expanded Lemma 5a,6) or b) coalesces with a c-number path necessitated by Lemma 5b and 5c, 6) then no least z-number Z(0) exists

If no least z-number exists, no z-number exists.

If no z-number exists, then Collatz is proven.

 

Conclusion

Strong form

Since assuming the existence of a least z‑number leads to contradiction, no such number exists. Thus no z‑numbers exist. Therefore every positive integer is a c‑number, and the Collatz conjecture is true. 

Weak form

No Z(0) can exist without contradiction unless it both a) follows one of 30 possible patterns of 14 step odd-even transforms and b) avoids joining trajectories of i) every even number between Z(0)+2,2Z(0)-2 and their multiples, ii) the even multiples (precursors) of every odd number < Z(0), iii) the even multiples (precursors) of every other odd number higher than Z(0) beginning at 2(Z(0)+2), iv) the onward transforms of every other odd number higher than Z(0) beginning at Z(0)+2.  Further exploration of these limits will exert significant constraints on Z(0).

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